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Lipoedema is a subcutaneous adipose tissue disease characterized by the increase in the amount and structure of fat mass (FM) in specific areas, causing pain and discomfort. 95% of patients fail to lose weight in the lipoedema areas. The study was conducted to evaluate body composition and general health status modification in a group of lipoedema patients (LIPPY) and a control group (CTRL) after four weeks of a modified Mediterranean diet therapy (mMeD). A total of 29 subjects were included in the data analysis, divided in two groups: 14 LIPPY and 15 CTRL. After the mMeD, both groups significantly decreased their weight and body mass index; the CTRL also showed a reduction of all the circumferences and all FM's compartments. LIPPY showed a decrease of FM in upper and lower limbs. No significant differences in Δ% between the groups were observed for the lean mass (LM). In LIPPY, an increase in the patients' ability to perform various daily physical activities related to the loss of arms' and legs' fat was observed. According to the European Quality of Life scale, the possibility for LIPPY subjects to perform simple daily activities with less fatigue, pain and anxiety is highlighted. Further long-term studies are recommended to confirm the mMeD as a good strategy for Lipoedema treatment.
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OBJECTIVES: The association between serum Vitamin D (Vit. D) and mood disorders in lipedema patients has not been investigated. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between serum Vit. D, depression and anxiety risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional cohort of lipedema patients were investigated by collecting the clinical and demographic data. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton of Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) were used to evaluating the risk of depression and anxiety. Serum concentrations of Vit. D were measured. The association between Vit. D levels and both HAM-A and HAM-D scores were statistically examined by bivariate and partial correlations. RESULTS: Forty lipedema patients were enrolled in this study. Around two-thirds of them had a higher depression or anxiety risk, and 77.5% were under the normal serum Vit. D levels. A significant and inverse correlation was observed between serum Vit. D levels and both HAM-D (r=-0.661, p<0.001), and HAM-A (r=-0.496, p=0.001) scores. This strong association was sustained after the statistical model adjusted for the main potential confounding factors (age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, and lipedema stages). Additionally, serum Vit. D correlated significantly and inversely with BMI (r=-0.647, p<0.001). Moreover, BMI significantly correlated with HAM-D: r=0.560, p<0.001, and HAM-A: r=0.511, p=0.00. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests a strong correlation between Vit. D levels, depression scores, and anxiety scores in lipedema patients. Our results also demonstrate a strong and direct relationship between BMI, Vit. D levels, depression, and anxiety.
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Background: Lipedema is a progressive disorder of subcutaneous connective tissue, predominantly affecting women, and characterized by an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue, particularly in the lower body. This study aims to explore the gut microbiota (GM) profile in lipedema patients to characterize the associated GM and compare it with the control group. Methods: A prospective randomized case-control pilot study was conducted from September 2023 to May 2024, involving 55 Caucasian women, aged 20-60. The participants were divided into two groups: 35 with lipedema (LIPPY) and 20 controls (CTRL). Body composition was assessed using Dual X-ray Absorbimetry (DXA), and GM analysis was performed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: LIPPY subjects showed increased Intramuscular Adipose Tissue (IMAT) and reduced Lean Mass (LM)/Fat Mass (FM) ratios. While alpha and beta diversity metrics did not differ significantly between groups, differential abundance analysis identified a significant reduction in Eggerthellaceae (Log Fold Change (LFC) = -0.19, p = 0.04) and enrichment of Propionibacteriaceae (LFC = +0.18, p = 0.009) and Acidaminococcaceae (LFC = +0.32, p = 0.013) in the LIPPY group. Genus-level analysis showed a significant reduction in Blautia and Ruminiclostridium (LFC = -0.32 and -0.02; p = 0.02 and 0.04) and enrichment of Anaerostipes, Propionibacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium (LFC = +0.07, +0.17, and +0.34; p = 0.02, 0.005, 0.005, respectively). In correlation analyses, within LIPPY, Eggerthellaceae correlated negatively with Body Mass Index (BMI) (ρ = -0.61, p < 0.05) and positively with Appenicular (Appen) LM/Weight and AppenLM/BMI (ρ = +0.43 and +0.41, p < 0.05), while Anaerostipes correlated positively with these lean mass indices (ρ = +0.40, p < 0.05). In CTRL, only Anaerostipes showed a significant negative correlation with BMI (ρ = -0.64, p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of a distinct GM profile in LIPPY, with notable links to adverse body composition markers such as IMAT. Trial Registration: Trial registered on 24 June 2013 with ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01890070).
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