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Background: In the USA, the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 defines a rare disease as affecting under 200,000 individuals. Dercum’s disease (DD) is a loose connective (adipose) tissue disease characterized by painful lipomas. While considered a rare disease, the prevalence of DD has not been systematically assessed previously. The objective of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of DD to determine if it is rare or not. Results: Estimates of prevalence of DD using PubMed, the UK Biobank, the US Agency for Health Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization, physician practices, social media forums and internet searches found the prevalence of DD to be less than 200,000 individuals in the US. These prevalence likely overestimate the disease; however, underestimation may also occur because DD is not well known and may be misdiagnosed. Conclusion: DD meets requirements of the Orphan Drug Act to be classified as a rare disease. Further research should focus on representative population samples in the USA to better estimate the prevalence of DD. Estimating the prevalence is an important first step to increase recognition, research efforts and patient care for people living with DD.

Publisher: Future Medicine